8 Types of White Blood Cells

Alexander Graham Bell Has Changed The Way Our World

Alexander Graham Bell Have you ever thought about life what life was like when communication was hard? If you were far away from someone you would either have to write or walk, and both of those would take a long time to get a message somewhere. The introduction of the telephone changed the way our world worked. If you have used a phone anytime in your life, and almost everyone has, you need to thank the creator, Alexander Graham Bell. Alexander Graham Bell has changed the way our world works, thanks to his many famous and important inventions. On March 3, 1847 in Edinburgh, Scotland, Alexander Bell, the teacher of the deaf and Scottish-born American inventor was born. Alexander’s middle name â€Å"Graham† was not added until he was about ten years old. He added his middle name because he also wanted one like his brothers. His father gave him his middle name as his birthday present. He was the middle child and both of his brothers passed away from tuberculosis later in his life. Tuberculosis is a fatal disease that attacks the lungs. His grandfather was an elocution professor and his father was an expert on elocution and the mechanics of the voice. Elocution is the art of public speaking. He was homeschooled for most of his life by his mother and he got one year of schooling at a private school and two years at Edinburgh High School. His mother was nearly deaf and was a very talented piano player and painter which inspired him to do big things in his lifetime. Bell also knewShow MoreRelatedA Brief Biography of Alexander Graham Bell Essay example1345 Words   |  6 Pagescellphones, and without his invention of the telephone, there would never be cellphones, and the way we communicate with the world would be entirely different. (Pewresarch) Michael Hart’s book The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History ranks Alexander Graham Bell as the forty second most influential person in history and he is one of the most influential persons in history. Alexander Graham Bell’s influences of his father and grandfather caused him to take interest in the human voiceRead MoreThe Man Behind The Invention Of The Telephone1082 Words   |  5 Pagesdigitalization, the Mobile/Telephone has become one of the important part of our lives like food, shelter and clothes. The world is moving into the comp act zone and this can be supported by gadget in our pockets i.e. â€Å"Mobiles†. This has become possible because of the invention of â€Å"Telephone†, it changed the world and the way we communicate. The man behind the invention of the telephone is â€Å"Alexander Graham Bell†. He is an inventor, teacher, scientist and engineer. 2. Alexander Graham Bell’s early stages of lifeRead MoreHistory of Airplanes1273 Words   |  6 PagesThe history of airplane obviously has begun after the real airplanes have been invented by Orville and Wilbur Wright on December 17 1903. Airplanes made getting from one place to another much faster. Increases speed of transportation of cargo and people and also as a war platform. Increased speed medicines could be transported and people could be flown into and out of war zones for treatment at a nearby unit or hospital. This transferred into the everyday citizen’s life outside of war time. WhatRead MoreThe Telephone: Then and Now1221 Words   |  5 Pagesthe greatest American inventions. Developed in the 1800’s by Alexander Graham Bell, it quickly became one of the most used inventions in the world. The telephone had many impacts on society and the way we communicated and still plays a huge role in the world we live today. The telephone has developed from some thing that was not a necessity to something people must have. The telephone opened the door for communications across the world and played a part in the development of personal and businessRead MoreInnovation on American Soil 865 Words   |  4 PagesUnited States has proven that it is a world leader. It has shown that all you need in order to make something great of your life is grit, spit, and determination. Decade after decade, century after century, America has continually astounded the international community with its creative and forward-thinking might. With many of the most commonly used pieces of technology having their origins in the United States, it is safe to say that every generation of America has changed the world with their brilliantRead MoreThe Evolution of the Telephone991 Words   |  4 PagesAmericans were changed during this time period from 17th century. The Industrial Revolution shaped the U.S. into what it was today. One invention in particular was the te lephone; its technological advances throughout the years have continued to explore the imagination. Since its inception, the telephone has become one of the most important inventions of all time. Although some were skeptical about its replacement over telegrams, in the end the advent of this fine communication equipment has won theRead MoreFive Important Scientific Discoveries1699 Words   |  7 Pageswhether we knew it or not and have come to conclusions about certain situation and why things are the way they are. Science had impacted the life of humans and there very lifestyle and is evident everywhere in every aspect of it. Till date, science is making more and more discoveries that promotes development and saves lives. But without the past scientific discoveries which acts as a foundation, that has been tremendously built on, science will not have reach the heights, it is reaching in these contemporaryRead MoreTelephone Essay1430 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent life would be if the telephone was never invented? One of the most powerful, and controversial, inventions has been that of the telephone. Alexander Graham Bell, the inventor of the telephone, had no idea that what he invented would eventually change the world. The advancement of telephones has impacted the growth in the telecommunication field and has helped people around the world stay connected. Before this technology was invented, it was very difficult for people to maintain long distanceRead MoreThe Library Tab On The Bucks County Community College Website1833 Words   |  8 Pagesall subjects and many types of resources, with scholarly and non-scholarly articles. Through the EBSCOhost database I was able to find two articles related to my topic. The other database I found useful was the Credo Reference database. This database has information on more than 600 reference sources that cover all major subjects. Through this database, I was able to find another two articles related to my topic. My last source was obtained from the Google search engine. A combination of the two databasesRead MoreHistory of Telephone1832 Words   |  8 Pagesimportant inventions in the field of communications. It is a disruptive technology that had made other means of communication become obsolete. Nowadays, it has played an irreplaceable role in our daily life but not many people know about t he origin and history of telephone. This assignment is to briefly introduce to you the history of telephone. It has a long history so I broke it into 4 periods: Early Telephone Development, The Beginning (1876-1900), The New Century (1904-1940) and Modern Time (1940-Today)

To what extent can development be sustainable free essay sample

Curitiba in southern Brazil has the 5th biggest economy of cities in Brazil. The city acts as one of Brazil’s financial hubs. Nevertheless Curitiba also has a strong manufacturing pedigree with the South American headquarters of Volvo trucks located here. As a consequence the city’s population swells to over 4 million during week days. In order to cope with such large numbers of people the local government had to find a solution to the congestion throughout the city. After much consultation it was decided that the city would be pedestrianised. Furthermore a deal was secured with the local Volvo factory to supply a new form of bi-articulated bus. These buses travel along designated routes carrying over 10000 passengers per day each. The Rapid Bus Network as it is known has been calculated to be 500 times cheaper than a subway system. Unlike a subway system the network can increase the number of buses in response to varying demand. The Curitiba RBN operates cost effectively, making it extremely economically sustainable. London is also a financial hub. Unlike Curitiba it has adopted an underground train system. The system is the oldest in the world, 150 years old. This has caused many issues that other transport systems would not experience. The old tunnels need constant repair and the operational costs of the old stations far exceed that of modern subway systems. Nevertheless authorities have enclosed strategies that have made the underground system economically and financially sustainable. Over 80% of the operational costs are covered by ticket fares. With a new ? 10 billion improvement plan over the next 10 years, the figure is set to rise. One of the main issues faced by any urban environment is the disposal of waste. Curitiba has adopted a unique method for dealing with such a problem. The bin men travel to the poorer suburbs. Here they exchange fruit and vegetables for waste materials that have been collected to be recycled. This not only gives incentives for people in the city to recycle, but it helps less waste on the streets go to landfill. Thanks to such initiatives Curitiba is able to recycle 75% of all of its waste, far more than almost any MEDC urban environment. This has helped the city become highly environmentally sustainable. In the east of London new projects have been devised since 2000 to try and improve the environmental sustainability of the area. One of the main projects was the Greenwich Ecology Park and the O2 arena, one of the premier indoor arenas across the globe. Architects used the large surface area of the roofs to capture rain water and use it to flush the toilets in the facility. In addition the Greenwich Ecology Park was opened. It consists of woodland and open parkland to allow people to walk and observe local ecosystems. Such parks are extremely environmentally sustainable as they act as CO2 sinks as well as a place to support local wildlife. Flooding is a major issue throughout the globe. Curitiba experiences flooding on a regular basis due to its close proximity to the Amazon rainforest. As a result urban planners decided to build large reservoirs to hold flood waters and prevent flooding. In its self this idea is extremely sustainable. However designers decided to integrate the reservoirs into a parkland with attraction events such as boating as well as waterfalls and fishing. The project has been a huge success and allows the city’s population to be no more than a short bus ride away from the park. This area will continue to perform its social and environmental function for years to come and will not drain resources. This makes the city parkland and reservoirs very sustainable. Fortunately London does not have the same risk of flooding as Curitiba. The main issue in London is the lack of housing. In Stratford in east London the Olympic site is under construction. The 2012 games are being marketed as the most sustainable ever and with good reason. For example the Olympic village which consists of 1500 flats is not going to be destroyed after the games. Instead the flats will be renovated and sold to the public at affordable prices. This scheme will not only provide money to the Olympic fund but provide affordable housing to an area in the centre of London. Cities often act as centres for a wide range of jobs. The most successful and sustainable cities will demonstrate a job market that is stable and has longevity. Curitiba is home to the South American HQ for Volvo trucks. This has provided over 1000 jobs alone. Furthermore the city authorities worked in conjunction with Volvo in order to design a revolutionary bi-articulated bus. This has made Curitiba a beacon for mass transport throughout the globe. Their approach by partnering Volvo has been so successful the system has been suggested a model for the redevelopment of Baghdad. The 2012 Olympic Games act as a way in which London can be the most sustainable games ever. This claim must incorporate all aspects of the games including jobs. As a result the London Olympic committee has pledged to provide 20% of all the jobs on the Olympic park to job seekers within the local area. Furthermore due to plans to maintain the Olympic site as a prime sporting venue after the games it is likely that many of these people will keep their jobs. This provides social and economic sustainability to the area by ensuring that improvements are not temporary whilst maintaining their longevity. Sustainability in urban areas is something that is extremely hard to achieve. It often comes as a compromise as 100% sustainability in urban environments is nearly impossible. However both London and Curitiba have taken a systematic approach to solving complex urban problems. Both cities demonstrate economic, social and environmental sustainability to varying degrees. In response to this question I believe urban areas can be sustainable if the management of those urban areas considers sustainability equal to economic and social success.

Technology and special education Essay Example For Students

Technology and special education Essay Technology and special education Essay We live in an era where computers are used in most peoples everyday life. Technology has achieved remarkable progress and with this knowledge its time that important issues are addressed. Homelessness, abortion, taxes, and welfare reform are a few examples of the humanitarian issues Im talking about. But, the most important issue is education. Because everything we do begins with learning. We learn from our parents and siblings but, more importantly, the education we receive in school is where the learning really begins. We must place emphasis on programs in our Exceptional Student Education programs (more commonly referred to as Special Education) in our country. These programs are imperative for the enhancement and achievements of students in special education. Exceptional Student Education or Special Education is instruction that is specially designed to meet the unique needs of children who have disabilities. This is done at no cost to the parents. Special education can include special instruction in the classroom, at home, in hospitals, or other institutions. We will write a custom essay on Technology and special education specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Over 5 million children ages 6 through 21 receive special education and related services each year in the United States. Each of these children receives instruction that is specially designed: to meet the childs unique needs (that result from having a disability); and to help the child learn the information and skills that other children are learning (Questions often asked by Parents about Special Education Services, 1999). Its time that more consideration is given to exceptional students who have disabilities and/or medical conditions that prevent them from performing to societys standards. We must educate every one of these individuals and use any and all resources that are available to help them to grow to be an independent individual. We need to educate our exceptional students by todays standards as well as educate for tomorrows living. The answer is computer technology. One of the most difficult challenges faced by teachers today is educating students who have physical, language, or learning disabilities to achieve outcomes, or standards, expected of all students. Nationally, there is a strong push for higher standards of learning. As states and schools implement these standards, they face the challenge of ensuring that they include all students, particularly students with disabilities who are often excluded from these types of educational initiatives. Language arts or learning to communicate effectively in written format is one of the most critical prerequisites for school success. It is also one of the most demanding tasks that students, with or without disabilities, are asked to undertake. As a consequence, many children with developmental disabilities experience significant difficulties learning to read and write. For those same students, obtaining an equal education in mathematics is hampered by the lack of adapted math curricula (Metheny, Rick, 1997). The most important factor in deciding a childs educational needs are his/her parents. After all, parents know what his/her childs needs are and they are the best source for the teachers in order to develop an effective Individualized Education Program (IEP). Effective special education programs plan for student transition. Transition should not be a concept reserved only for older students. Transition is a process and includes moving from one program to another, such as: early childhood to elementary school; elementary to middle; high school to postsecondary; or special class to less restrictive setting. What is taught and how it is taught is the crux of effective education. Effective special education includes making decisions about instructional content that reflect the longer-term goals for the student and promote his/or maximum achievement and integration (McLaughlin, Margaret, 1993). Parents need to know and must seek advice from sources to find out what individual education program is appropriate to their own particular instance. This is where parents and the education process need more structuring. If youre a parent, as I am, of a disabled child you may already realize that an IEP is mainly decided by the parent, the childs special education teacher, and others who are directly involved. Individuals with Disabilities Education Act and IEP are programs that work together. .uda54d7b5b959c513f1a3158eb28c1209 , .uda54d7b5b959c513f1a3158eb28c1209 .postImageUrl , .uda54d7b5b959c513f1a3158eb28c1209 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uda54d7b5b959c513f1a3158eb28c1209 , .uda54d7b5b959c513f1a3158eb28c1209:hover , .uda54d7b5b959c513f1a3158eb28c1209:visited , .uda54d7b5b959c513f1a3158eb28c1209:active { border:0!important; } .uda54d7b5b959c513f1a3158eb28c1209 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uda54d7b5b959c513f1a3158eb28c1209 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uda54d7b5b959c513f1a3158eb28c1209:active , .uda54d7b5b959c513f1a3158eb28c1209:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uda54d7b5b959c513f1a3158eb28c1209 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uda54d7b5b959c513f1a3158eb28c1209 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uda54d7b5b959c513f1a3158eb28c1209 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uda54d7b5b959c513f1a3158eb28c1209 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uda54d7b5b959c513f1a3158eb28c1209:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uda54d7b5b959c513f1a3158eb28c1209 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uda54d7b5b959c513f1a3158eb28c1209 .uda54d7b5b959c513f1a3158eb28c1209-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uda54d7b5b959c513f1a3158eb28c1209:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Compare Rosencrantz And Guilde Essay This law was enacted to ensure that all children with disabilities would have a free, appropriate public education available to them that .

The Making of the USA essays

The Making of the USA essays The Making of the USA Two main challenges met by the American people are the building of a democratic nation and the policy of imperialism that U.S. applied in order to assert its authority all over the world. The Revolutionary War and the Constitution opened the way for a great surge of nation-building, since the Americans goals at that moment were national liberties. Besides, the written Constitution set up the principles of separation of powers and Federalism which created a true national government. We will also see how the Americans could achieve their dearest goals such as, national liberation and free enterprise based on recurrent values like democracy, manifest destiny and the feeling of superiority. Moreover, these values in turn have defined the American national identity and a sense of unity making the Americans feel that they are a special nation capable of overcoming the most challenging situations. In spite of this, the United States still has to deal with some unresolved conflicts suc h as, racism and economic unequality. To begin with, the building of the nation started with the American Revolution (1775). The goal of the war was national liberation. Patriots believed that the British were conspiring to take away their tradional freedoms, so they sought to protect their liberties such as, property, the right to bring their legal cases before independent judges, the right to call their own assemblies, and the right to engage in trade without restrictions and to pay no taxes voted by a British Parliament in which they had no direct representation. Although the seed of democracy was planted early in the colonies through town meetings and assemblies which decided on local issues, it was not a complete democracy since only landowners could vote. However, the experience of self-government in the colonies increased their sense of autonomy. In addition to this, as the colonies were...

Informative Speech Essay

Informative Speech Essay Informative Speech Essay How voodoo started Voodoo is a religion that was brought to the Western coasts by slaves from Africa. It is believed to have started in Haiti in 1724 as a snake cult that worshipped many spirits pertaining to daily life experiences. The practices were intermingled with many Catholic rituals and saints. It was first brought to the Louisiana area in 1804 by Cuban plantation owners who were displaced by revolution and brought their slaves with them. Beliefs At first glance, it seems that a religion that revolves around spiritual possession, potions, and the worship of ancestors would have little to do with Christianity. However, there are strong parallelsÍ ¾ in the case of Louisiana and Haitian voodoo, many Christian traditions, beliefs, and figures have been incorporated into this flexible religion. The spirits are central to the practice of voodoo, and many of the central figures have Christian counterparts. Aida Wedo is a virginal figure of Mary, while Legba, the guardian gatekeeper, is a mirror image of St. Peter. In voodoo, important spirits that believers connect with are called the loa (or lwa)Í ¾ in some locations, these loa and their families can be called by the names of the Catholic saints they represent. In West African voodoo, there is a very Christian belief that there is one supreme god ruling all. Rituals A voodoo ritual can be performed whenever the voodoo rituals feels necessary, for special occasions, or in the privacy of individual homes or communities. Voodoo rituals can also be performed by a single person, by the entire organization, even by a small group of voodoo friends. Voodoo rituals may be restricted in certain parts of the community or town and can encourage or underscore the passages between the voodoo religious or voodoo social states. The purposes of rituals are variedÍ ¾ they include compliance with religious obligations or ideals, satisfaction of spiritual or emotional needs of the practitioners, strengthening of social bonds, demonstration of respect or submission, stating one's affiliation, obtaining social acceptance or approval for some event - or, sometimes, just for the pleasure of the ritual itself. Rituals of various kinds are a feature of almost all known human societies, past or present. They include not only the various worship rites and sacraments of organized religions and cults, but also the rites of passage of certain societies, oaths of allegiance, coronations, and presidential inaugurations, marriages and funerals, school "rush" traditions and graduations, club meetings, sports events, Halloween parties, veteran parades, Christmas shopping and more. Many activities that are ostensibly performed for concrete purposes, such as jury trials, execution of criminals, and scientific symposia, are loaded with purely symbolic actions prescribed by regulations or tradition, and thus partly ritualistic in nature. Even common actions like hand ­shaking and saying hello are rituals. In any case, an essential feature of a ritual is that the actions and

Coastal engineering Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Coastal engineering - Assignment Example This has brought about constant developments and maintenance of the coastal zone to guard against flooding, erosion, and sediment transport. Waves have a major influence on the marine environment and ultimately on the planets climate. Waves travel effortlessly along the waters surface. This is made possible by small movements of the water molecules. The wind blows over the water, changing its surface into ripples and waves. As waves grow in height, the wind pushes them along faster and higher. Waves can become unexpectedly strong and destructive. As waves enter shallow water, they become taller and slow down, eventually breaking on the shore.   Waves have crests (the peak of the wave) and troughs (the lowest point on the wave). The wavelength, or horizontal size of the wave, is determined by the horizontal distance between two crests or two troughs. The vertical size of the wave is determined by the vertical distance between the two. Waves travel in groups called wave trains. Waves vary in size and strength based on wind speed and friction on the water’s. The small wave trains created by a boat’s movement on the water are called wake. High winds and storms can generate large groups of wave trains with enormous energy. Undersea earthquakes or other sharp motions in the seafloor can sometimes generate enormous waves, called tsunamis (inappropriately known as tidal waves) that can devastate entire coastlines. Regular patterns of smooth, rounded waves in the open ocean are called swells. In waves, it appears the water is moving forward, but only a small amount of water is actually moving. It is the wave’s energy that is moving and since water is a flexible medium for energy transfer, it looks like the water itself is moving. In the open ocean, the friction moving the waves generates energy within the water. This energy is then passed between water molecules in ripples

Oultline 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Oultline 2 - Essay Example transformers as coolants and lubricants, also used as hydraulic fluids, dyes and carbon-less copy paper ink. When PCBs are released into the atmosphere, they can be ingested through inhaling, eating contaminated food and also drinking contaminated water. This usually occurs because the substances (Polychlorinated biphenyls) stay suspended in the atmosphere and may take a lot time to be cleared off. A person can also be exposed to these chemicals through using or even being at close proximity to old equipments that makes use of PCBs e.g. transformers, fluorescent tubes capacitors and other appliances. Air containing above 42% of chlorine PCB or more than 1microgaram of air for a 10-hour workday, 40-hour workweek is not recommended to breath by NIOSH. Requirements by the EPA is that the companies producing this chemicals should store, transport and dispose of this chemicals following the rules and regulations of the Federal Hazardous Waste Management Program and also limits the amount PCBs used in waste water treatment. Chromium have different oxidation states, one of them is +6 and thus the name hexavalent chromium. It is manufactured industrially. Hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI) is are many side effects which include: causes cancer, it also affects the kidney, skin, liver, respiratory system and even eyes. It is estimated that about 558000 workers from different occupations in the United States of America are exposed to hexavalent chromium. Employees are expose to Cr(VI) by inhaling dust, mist or fumes containing this chemical, ingestion or even eye contact with fluids that have this chemical. Exposure to hexa chrome can be very harmful to the skin and the eyes. Direct contact with the skin can lead to susceptible response known as dermatitis. When an anaphylaxis has developed, even concise skin contact can bring about manifestations. Direct skin contact can also bring about an infection referred to as chrome ulcers which small wounds on the skin

The Coach Essay Example for Free

The Coach Essay As a group coaches are often criticized for their overemphasis on winning and their overly serious attitude toward the league experience. Most studies, however, point out that in general Little League coaches get involved for the love of the game and for the love of their participating child. Coaches that angrily shout criticism from the sidelines are not appreciated or liked as are relaxed, supportive, and knowledgeable coaches who emphasize the improvement and learning of new skills. Coaches that develop close and personal relationships with the child and her/his parents are the most likely to contribute to a positive learning experience. Coaches are first and foremost role models and teachers. Good coaching is not about producing winning teams; its about asking every day before practice or a game: Is what were planning to do today in the best interest of the kids? The best lesson a coach can teach is that playing fairly makes everyone a winner, and that: Developing Coaching Philosophy A casual observer of any little league game site will notice the excessive seriousness and tension exhibited by coaches on the sidelines. Coaches and spectating parents get very involved with their childrens game. Some fail to realize the deleterious effects of their vocal protests regarding game referee decisions or disapproval of their childs performance. Several soccer leagues that I am familiar with have on record a very appropriate league philosophy statement. These statements emphasize learning, fair play, fun, equal opportunity, etc over winning. Ironically, the same leagues use trained referees and linesmen, for example, to officiate a game between two teams comprised of nine-year-old players. Players are often assigned to positions in which they are most productive or least destructive. And, coaches, parents and players exhibit excessive celebration when a goal is scored (even when the goal resulted from a clumsy goalie error) or when a game is won. Overly formal game control, early specialization, and excessive celebrations seem incompatible with a child-centered league philosophy. Should the league experience serve best only the most talented and promising individuals at the expense of the less skilled? A typical league reality of winning first, child second, seems to prevail over the same leagues beautifully crafted philosophy statement. The stress associated with coaching a losing team stems from the distorted view that winning equals good coaching and loosing equals poor coaching. The child that is allowed to play a variety of positions will learn and progress irrespectively of her or his teams winning or loosing record. In the soccer league that I joined as assistant coach during the Fall of 1999, the head coach knew which the two best teams on the league were several weeks before kickoff. Who gets the credit for coaching these kids? Four of the kids on our nine-year-old boys team never played the game. How are they going to learn and improve if we are not going to allow them to make mistakes? Sticking to a child-centered game plan can get very tricky and involve tough decisions. A Coaching Philosophy Some coaches get turned off by the word philosophy. They cannot see how any one philosophy can have an impact on their daily problems and work. Ones teaching or coaching philosophy, however, is actually a very practical matter. An analogy to ones philosophy may be equated to a pair of glasses that filter reality through ones personal experiences, opinions, values and beliefs. It has, therefore a direct influence on how we see and understand the world around us, what actions we take, and why we choose to behave in the ways we do. In fact, every coach, whether aware of it or not, is following certain principles or his philosophy while coaching. It may seem reasonable to assume that the philosophy that directs the coachs everyday life thinking and actions would be also applied by her/him to coaching. Yet, this often seems not to be the case. For example, most coaches would agree that a less skilled child with little or no self-confidence needs special attention and time investment. Yet, who are the kids that usually get the most attention, the most playing time, the most praise? Still, let’s assume, for example, that a businessman discovered that the firm he is negotiating with was dishonest. He decides to do his business with another group despite the fact that he may end up paying more for essentially the same product. This may not sound like good business, yet many a businessman I talked to expressed willingness to stick to their principles even if it meant higher expenses. How many coaches do you know that would stick to principles of sportsmanship or fair play rather than win a game? Obviously, we can readily see a gap between what a coach may think is the right thing to do in every day life situations, and the actions he/she ends up taking on the playing field. Developing an Alternative Coaching Philosophy Dr. Rainer Martens, a world renowned sport psychologist and publisher, explains that the development of a functional coaching philosophy involves two major tasks: †¢ become a student of your own feelings and who you are? †¢ prioritize and delineate your coaching objectives †¢ Developing Self-Awareness Children are great imitators. Therefore, you are more likely to shape them into your own image than into what you would actually like them to become. The coach is a very powerful role model. This is why it is important that the coach be honest as he/she evaluates her/himself and get in touch with here/his own feelings. The coach needs to discover whether he really likes who he/she is. A quick subjective self-awareness test would be to ask oneself When I was a child, would I have liked to have my current self as a parent? As a coach? If the answer is yes, explain to yourself why you think the way you do. What is it that makes you a good parent, teacher, coach? If you realize that you do not like everything about yourself, dont panic, nobodys perfect. The key factor is not for every coach to be a perfect individual. It is crucial, however, that the coach be honest with her/himself, and willing to take the appropriate steps to change for the better. Dr. Martens suggests that one such first step would be to form an open door policy and solicit feed back from the kids, assistant coaches and the parents. This, according to Dr. Martens means that the coach needs to learn to listento be attentive to both overt and covert communication patterns. Good listening skills ensure two way communications and thus decrease the filtering effect that often distorts the true message delivered by the other party. Prioritization and Delineation of Coaching Objectives It is an indisputable fact that children are their parents and nations most precious asset. It may seem natural to assume, therefore, that the majority of adults mean well for the kids. Yet, how often do we wish something for our child, and then step back and take the time to find out whether this is what the child really wants? More often than not, adults feel they know better, and thus, exclude children from the decision making process. Youth sport, unfortunately, is a prime example of this phenomenon. In 1987 the Athletic Footwear Association in America sponsored a study of 10,000 students ages 10-18 regarding their feelings about sport. The students reacted to questions such as why they participate, why they quit, and what changes they would make in order to get involved again in a sport they dropped. The most important finding of the study was that winning, which is the most publicized and pursued goal of sports never ranked higher than seventh even among the most competitive athletes. To have fun and to improve my skills were consistently the first two choices why the students chose to play sports. When asked why they dropped from sports three of the first five reasons were I was not having fun, coach was a poor teacher, and too much pressure. How many coaches you know would have predicted this outcome? (Rainer, 1987, 3-14) Dr. Martha E. Ewing and Dr. Vern Seefeld of the Youth Sports Institute of Michigan State University who conducted the study, and Dr. Steven J. Danish, chairman of the Department of Psychology at Virginia Commonwealth University who added psychological and developmental interpretations proposed the following truths about children and sport: Fun is pivotal; if its not fun, young people wont play a sport (Rainer, 1987, 3-14). Skill development is a crucial aspect of fun; it is more important than winning even among the best athletes. The most rewarding challenges of sports are those that lead to self-knowledge. Intrinsic rewards (self-knowledge that grows out of self-competition) are more important in creating lifetime athletes than are extrinsic rewards (victory or attention from others). The American Youth and Sports Participation study authors proposed the following tips for coaches and parents who are willing to develop an alternative coaching philosophy: For Coaches Become a communicator (a listener and a giver of feedback). Recognize the needs of your kids and balance your needs with theirs. Develop perspective: remember what you were like at their age and what you could do then; dont judge the kids by what you can do now. Remember the truths and plan activities with them in mind. Seek out workshops and educational programs that teach not only sports-related skills but also communication and interpersonal skills that will help you work with parents and get the most out of your kids. Try to work with parents and make them part of the team rather than viewing them as critics to be avoided. Coach Development Education, as pedagogical theory so perceptively points out, is a two-way process, which means that both sides of the process have an opportunity to influence each other. Therefore, the coach can expect to be shaped by his team members’ characters and styles in a way that is no less decisive than his or her influence upon them. Realizing it may prove a challenge to many authoritative coaches, yet this impact is undeniable and should not be underestimated. However, in case of a younger team, the coach’s influence is going to exceed that of the children as they, as mentioned before, are great imitators and need a role model to follow. For this reason among others, the coach has to develop certain moral and professional qualities that will form the basis for practical application of one’s coaching philosophy. The tenets of coaching philosophy determine which exactly qualities one needs in order to develop one’s team and bring them to a victory earned in the spirit of fair play sportsmanship. In the first place, a coach has to be a superb organizer. This is the coach’s primary function in the team: to unite a disparate set of players into a coherent whole. Unity in the contest has to stem from psychological unity of the team, the much talked about team spirit. A coach in one’s philosophy has to define how important a place the team occupies in his/her activities and endeavors and what ways of achieving this unity are legitimate and effective. In team sports specifically, the value of team relationships cannot be overrated, since a victory is only a product of collective efforts and rarely a gift of luck.

Importance of Time Lapses in Death of a Salesman :: English Literature

Why does Arthur Miller use time lapses in his play â€Å"Death of a Salesman†? What was the playwright trying to tell us about Willy Loman? In this essay I will be exploring and analysing â€Å"Death of a Salesman† by Arthur Miller. I will be looking the use of flash backs in the play that aim to emphasise that the past is always with us. Looking at the flashbacks will also help understand the character of Willy Loman. The action takes place in Willy Loman’s house and yard also in various places he visits in New York and Boston of 1949. The play was set in post war America. This is after the great Depression, when people had a different point of view and wanted to achieve the â€Å"American Dream†. The American Dream is the longings of people who wanted to develop the country, to amass money and enjoy a comfortable, not to be at the beck and call of the employer. The figure of a salesman was at the cutting edge of the American Dream, a self made person that did not sell his products but his personality. The play shows a series of chronological events which take place during one evening and the next day. At intervals throughout the play we see scenes from Willy’s past enacted on the same stage at the same time. On first impression this would seem more likely to confuse the audience rather than reveal, but Miller had strong reasons for staging the play in this way. It is my belief that playwright tells us the past is not something which is now behind us. The past is always with us informing and influencing our actions. To understand the character of Willy Loman, we must be aware of the emotional burdens he carries with him from the past. To show an example of these recollections I have selected a scene in Act Two. Willy is sitting in a restaurant where he has been invited by the boys, in anticipation of the fact that Biff will be able to secure a loan from Bill Oliver. Willy has just been laid off from his old job, and is hoping that Biff has some good news for him so that Linda can be happy as he knows she has always been loyal to him and made many sacrifices. Willy said â€Å"she has waited and she has suffered†. This shows how loyal and hard working Linda has been to the family, sacrificing to save money. Evidence of this is shown by the stockings that she sits down with and mends so money can be saved.

Literature and Cinema Essay

Life is a Theme of Literature, Literature is the expression of Life. Life fashions Literature and Literature moulds Life. The intimate relation between Literature and Cinema is one of the common place truths which have been illustrated again and again, both Social and literary life history. Literature is the most fascinating creation of a literary artist based on the style and stategy of life. Life and reality are the basics of Literature. It’s a product of creation of a literary artist, accompanied with his theoretical and practical knowledge, intellect, thoughts and imagination, where an artist creates his own animated world with realistic events and incidents. As through the words of Mathew Arnold â€Å" Literature is the best record that is thought and Known in the world†, in the words of Satyajit â€Å"Literature was another avenue for the expression of his creative talents†. Cinema, an art of showing life of human beings and the respective happenings in life, which literature glorifies, not only the actual occurances but also reflects in an idealized form, the standards of social thought and morality. Cinema/Movies, the most remarkable, illuminating & fascinating discovery of Science and Technology, where the credit goes to the American scientist ‘Thomas Alva Edison’. The tone of literature changes with the stages of society, life style and the respective incidents, which portrayted & given a clear view by means of perfect moulding in mode of Films. These film/Vedio tapes are chosen out of the American experimental tradition to exemplify the various techniques of marrying the two arts â€Å"Literature & Cinema†. Every natural incident before the poet, around him, in world is the only source of utterance, arouses out his inspiration & his creative energy that rests upon the core of reality. This what further transformed into poems, speeches, songs and novels respectively. The poet presents his skillfulness, an admirable creation of his imagination and fancy in the mind of the readers, but in Later Middle Ages with the growth and development of drama led the people to exemplify another form of art, their intense fascination on gestures and acting, Various forms of drama were performed based on different scripts gives a clear evidence from the popularity of â€Å"Miracle† and â€Å"Morality† plays and â€Å"Interludes† before the advent of Elizabeathan drama and playwrights. The dramatic performances were based on antiphonal singing, dialogues were written and the possibilities were in Roman Catholic Church, with the advent of Elizabeathan drama, various plays of Shakespeare, Marlowe, Dickens and others followed, enriching the English literature. Considering the nature of work of literature can be comprehended by means of two stages, the art of reading and the art of showing, in which the later transforms poetry, novels, short stories into Cinema. The major distinction between them lies as poetry belonging to the art of utterance, while cinema/movies the art of showing, but on the whole they both don’t make easily a good couple. These films and the vedio makers have taken up the challenge anyway to make a way of responding the poet’s work, creating original cinematic writing, gradually leading to the magical, amusing world of entertainment and the fantasy in films. Cinema, A proportionate to the style of language as when a novel, short story transformed into a film, the first note worthy part comes the script. The script writer may or may not mould down the language of the novel in order to make an easy communication and understanding to the audience, mainly applicable in commercial films. In case of commercial films the novel or short story may be taken as a script but it may be modified according to the flavour of audience. The director Overrules the whole cinematographic sequence and drives away his workshop, tackling all barriers, creating a view of life and reality, giving a colourful portraiture of a dream world mingling with comic and tragic sequences with distinct and dancing, stepping on toes, wooing each other with charms of mouth, eye and mind. Finally ending with an admirable climax. Thus listening and reading a poet’s work is equally proportional to viewing and listening film maker’s work. Infact, Movies/Films are a director’s medium, as they reflect director’s own vision and his thoughts, but a fact acts as a contradiction and though debateable, how can a cinema be its truly literaray genius ? As when a great work of literature is adopted and placed on the screen by a director, whether it will be true or equal to the writer’s vision, as while transforming it into a celluloid. With the inception of Cinema, Literature has attracted all the creative film makers, pioneers in the world of cinema such as Pramathesh Barua, Debaki Basu have based their films on the eminent works of Sarat Chatterjee, Tarashankar Bandhopadhyay and others. Satyajit Ray’s â€Å"Pather Panchali† was the first which brought International Acclaim, was wholly based on the great work of literature of Bibhuti Bhusan Bandhopadhayay, Other than his Imaginative Creation Of Feluda, a Private Investigator, His nephew and literary artist Jatayu, together making â€Å"The Three Musketeers†, roaming different places, solving cases purely based on intellect also placed on the screen- â€Å"Sonar Kella†[The Golden Fortress], Joy Baba Felunath [Mystery of the Elephant God] and many more. His Creation Of Professor Shonku a Scientific, mystery thriller and Tarini Khuro, an adventurous, mystery sequence bring us to his imagination, art and literacy. Film Meastro Tapan Sinha in his film â€Å"Kabuliwallah†, which is wholly based on Tagore’s story, have also struck the writer’s vision. Eminent film makers as Mrinal Sen, Kumar Shahani and Adoor Gopala Krishnan were criticized ruthlessly when their literary works are adopted but distinguished from the original work. Mrinal Sen’s Oriya film â€Å"Matira Manusya† in 1965, the first Oriya film with an extraordinary literacy but had to face criticism due to the differentiation of literacy work with the film. Godrad and Mrinal Sen always based their films on the recreation of literacy classics. In this case the ideas and statements of the film makers get dwarfed in order to be true to the literary classics. Now lifting the veil of literary classics, there are many other eminent countless good Indian films were made simply by translating the works of Sarat Chatterjee, R. K Narayan, Banophool, Premchand, Bankim Chandra Chattopadhayay, Manik Bondhopadhayay and many more. It is indeed a credit of the director, translating these fabulous works into films by enhancing the appeal of the novel, doing a perfect justice to the writer’s work, possibly contributing a commercial support. Apart from this there are also enough contribution of the film makers of abroad. Films/Movies based on Shakesperean Comedy drama â€Å"Romeo and Juliet, â€Å"A Midsummer Night’s Dream†, â€Å"Twelfth Night†, â€Å"The Merchant Of Venice† etc. Even Shakespeare’s tragedies are transformed in Movies- ‘Macbeth’, ‘Hamlet’, ‘Othello’, ‘King Lear’ ‘Tempest’ etc. Marlowe’s ‘Edward II’, Jane Austen’s ‘Pride and Prejudice’, Milton’s ‘Paradise Lost’, Charles Dicken’s ‘Great Expectations’ and many more have been moulded and given a new look, quite popular to our present generation. Penny Gay interested in film ‘adaptation’ of classics, particularly of Shakespeare and Jane Austen: she is enthusiastic about free, imaginative, and wide-ranging rather than literalist attempts to translate these works to the screen. She has supervised several Honours dissertations in this field, and has taught a unit of study called ‘Shakespeare in the City’ which is entirely based on film versions. A close analysis on the films of Premchandra and Saratchandra, we find the characters and the situations are created in such a way, it seems it appears from modern day. Mordern world are in the urge of horror, mystery,thriller Stories, suspence thriller, brutal murders, death sequences centering round a single cause – may b a human being, living dead or alive, beasts and insects, by any cause of scientific or natural disaster, take a major role in the world of Cinema. Commertialy they usually do a huge amount of business. â€Å"Species 1& 2† shows how natural concequences takes a major part in creation of a new species, a living organism with in human beings. â€Å"Spiders and its Offsprings† â€Å"Arachnophobia†, Eight legged Freaks† gives a proper evidence of how a simple carelessness can turn into a terror of death, an unstoppable end. Similarly in movie â€Å"Final Destination†It is seen a different style of terror resulting death and its consequent horrors, with a superb touch of realism, blood hell and unyielding spirit of revenge paralysed the audience with terror. Mrinal Sen said â€Å"Cinema is never overawed by Literature† as he never based his films on any literary piece of work nor he translated any literary work into films, but he never moved away from literature. The Joyous elements of literature always attracted his vision. A small synopsis of the work or novel is enough for him to produce a film, as he belived â€Å"Cinema is a joint form of art, as a new form of art, borrows ideas from the old, creating a new way out from its curves and leads the path of progress as a medium. † Kevin Bacon Says â€Å"A good director creates an environment, which gives the actor the encouragement to fly†, Hector Babenko said â€Å"Curiosity doesn’t matter any more. These days people don’t want to be transported to emotional territories where they don’t know how to react. † -Robert Bresson said â€Å"My movie is born first in my head, dies on paper; is resuscitated by the living persons and real objects I use, which are killed on film but, placed in a certain order and projected on to a screen, come to life again like flowers in water. † The Script for making a movie always comes from literature, Pratical incidents, Realism, Beauty, Nature, Romance, comedy, Tragedy, Soliloque are the common facts of both literature and cinema. Cinema is Solely indebeted to literature, either partially or completely. Though the world of literature never ends, each moment of life, makes a literary artist discover new ideas and thoughts, a debateable question, indeed both literature and cinema are interconnected to each other, Literature can turn into a Cinematic view/cinema, but a cinema can never turn into literature. To a Literary genious, Literature is a view of life, a mode of survival, thinking, communicating, expressing his thoughts, but to a Director, film the only mode of communication. A question arises whether cinema should be a true literary genius, it depends on the director as he should be given complete freedom of cinematizing the literary classics in his own view. Cinematising, creating a celluloid of the great classics of literature reflects the vision of the writer and the ideas of the director simultaneously, Still remains unquestionable Literature is bound to cinema or Cinema is bound to literature ?.

How movies influence kids Essay

My Favorite Holiday My favorite holiday is Christmas. Christmas was the month Jesus Christ was born. Traditionally celebrated at home, Christmas is thought to be a family holiday. However nowadays the habits and ideas of people have changed very much. Christmas becomes more of a global holiday when it is appropriate to meet with many friends and go out for a round the night crazy celebrations. Every person finds their own most favorite thing about Christmas. In this small essay I will explain what this holiday means to me, and what are the best parts of it that I enjoy. As for me, the best thing about Christmas is giving. During Christmas I buy toys and clothes and to donate them to Churches and Charities to help those that are less fortunate. Christmas season people are usually more friendly and gentle to each other. They try to leave every sorrow and offense behind in the year that is passing by. I think this approach is a exercise for a person to make them feel good mentally and physically giving happiness and hope for a better future in the next year . When there is joy in the air, the organism wants to celebrate along with the mind. The renewal of the hope is felt all around. I have loved the celebration of Christmas since my early childhood. I still enjoy decorating the Christmas tree and simply walking around the streets looking at the decorations of the buildings and the trees around the city. In our country Christmas trees stand everywhere, for instance you can see them in squares and parks, in schools and offices, in shops and at homes. And what fun is it to wake up early in the morning and take a look under the tree seeking the presents Santa Clause brought. Of course, now that I am grown I know that someone from my family puts the presents there but I still wish to think that a very kind and fair old man called Santa Clause does it. As Santa brings the presents to the small children, the grown-ups enjoy exchanging presents with each other. I like giving presents to people, also like to get them as well he-he!! Most of all in conclusion WHAT IS CHRISTMAS? Christmas is the season during which Christians everywhere give thanks to God the Father for the birth of His Son, Jesus Christ.

Mexican American War Essay

Mexican American War Essay Mexican American War Essay Jessie Moore May 31, 2014 Group F Was The United States Justified in Going to War with Mexico? Was the United States justified in going to war with Mexico? Or in other words were the reasons we decided to go into war with Mexico based on pure fact and out of good for both countries? No, the United States was wrong to go to war with Mexico. We provoked and disrespected them, and we were nothing but greedy ourselves. There are many articles to back up these statements that I will be going into. â€Å"On April 24th a party of sixty ­three men and officers were dispatched from the American camp up to the Rio Del Norte, on its North bank, to ascertain whether the Mexican troops had crossed, or were preparing to cross the river. They were engaged with a larger body of these Mexican troops, and, after a short while, some sixteen Americans were killed and wounded.† (Document B, War Message of President James K. Polk.) The U.S. tried to put all the blame on Mexico for the attack. What really happened is stated by Jesus Velasco ­Marquez in â€Å"A Mexican Viewport on the War With the United States.† (Document C.) To start it off, related to the annexation of Texas by the United States, it says the Mexican government felt it was inadmissible for both legal and security reasons. And what really happened the day of April 24th (in the eyes of the Mexican government) was that the mobilization of the US army at the Rio Grande across from the city of Matamoros was an outright attack on Mexico. Feeling threatened, the Mexican government reaffirmed the instruction to protect the border by sending troops out to Jessie Moore May 31, 2014 Group F do just that, protect. This goes to show the true details of that day, not just the parts the U.S. highlighted to make themselves seem like the victim. After achieving independence from Spain in 1821, Mexico made slavery illegal. During this time, citizens of the United States began moving to Texas , with the idea being that the â€Å"extensive province ought to become a part of the United Sates,† (Document D.) â€Å"A current of emigration soon followed from the United States. Slaveholders crossed the river between Louisiana and Texas with their slaves, in defiance of the Mexican ordinance of freedom. Restless spirits, discontentented at home†¦ joined them†¦ The work of rebellion spread.†  ­Charles Sumner, â€Å"Objections to the Mexican ­American War.† Even though Americans who live in the United States are used

4 Reasons to Study Geography

4 Reasons to Study Geography The question of why one should study geography is a valid question. Many around the world do not understand the tangible benefits of studying geography. Many might think that those who study geography have no career options in the field because most people do not know anyone who has the job title of â€Å"geographer.† Nonetheless, geography is a diverse discipline that can lead to a myriad of career options in areas ranging from business location systems to emergency management.   Study Geography to Understand Our Planet Studying geography can provide an individual with a holistic understanding of our planet and its systems. Those who study geography are better prepared to understand topics impacting our planet such as climate change, global warming, desertification, El Nino, water resource issues, among others. With their understanding of political geography, those who study geography are well-positioned to comprehend and explain global political issues that occur between countries, cultures, cities and their hinterlands, and between regions within countries. With instant global communications and media coverage of geopolitical hotspots around the world on twenty-four-hour news channels and on the Internet, the world might seem like it has gotten smaller. Yet centuries-old conflict and strife remain despite huge technological developments over the past few decades.   Studying Geographical Regions While the developed world has developed rather rapidly, the â€Å"developing† world, as disasters frequently remind us, has yet to benefit from many of those advances. Those who study geography learn about differences between world regions. Some geographers devote their studies and careers to learning and understanding a specific region or country of the world. They study the culture, foods, language, religion, landscape and all aspects of the region to become an expert. This type of geographer is desperately needed in our world for the better understanding of our world and its regions. Those who are experts in various â€Å"hotspot† regions of the world are certain to find career opportunities. Being a Well-Educated Global Citizen In addition to knowing about our planet and its people, those who choose to study geography will learn to think critically, research, and communicate their thoughts through writing and other means of communication independently. They will thus have skills that are valued in all careers. Finally, geography is a well-rounded discipline that provides students not only with ample career opportunities but it also provides students with knowledge about our rapidly-changing world and how humans are impacting our planet.   Importance of Geography   Geography has been called the mother of all sciences, it was one of the first fields of study and academic disciplines developed as humans sought to find out what was on the other side of the mountain or across the sea.  Exploration led to the discovery of our planet and its amazing resources. Physical geographers study the landscapes, landforms, and the terrain of our planet while cultural geographers study out cities, our transportation networks, and our ways of life.  Geography is a fascinating discipline that combines knowledge of many fields to help scientists and researchers better understand this amazing planet.

Scientology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Scientology - Essay Example A religious person does not blame God for his failures he faced in life. However, whatever he does should not be a show off and he shall not be a hypocrite. (a). A spiritual man looks upward. It means his earnest desire to be one with God. He spent most of his time in prayers. The worldly matters such as wealth, conveniences etc never bother their spiritual life. His ultimate hope is in God. (b). Secondly, a spiritual man looks inward. He is always aware of what he does. He is a good judge of himself. If there is something that destroys his spiritual life, he is ready to do away with whatsoever important it is in his personal life. (c) Finally, a spiritual man looks outward. It means he is willing to impart the goodness that God has bestowed on him to others. He is ready to forgive his trespassers as he knows God forgives his trespasses. He is not worried about his own happiness and life but finds bliss in making the men around him happy. Religion has got both social and psychological functions. As the part of social function, it ensures social control and reduces conflict. Every religion sets a standard for behavior that is expected to be followed by the believers. Secondly, religions avoid social conflict by reducing tension and frustrations. As Ferraro and Andreatta (2009) point out, religion controls the animosity of people and makes them compassionate and charitable through various religious experiences; and when it comes to psychological functions, religion provides mental peace to the believers by consoling them during the time of crisis and helplessness (pp. 354-355). From the religious leaders, one gets emotional support and peace. It encourages him to face the problems with a renewed punch. We cannot understand religion by setting aside its functions. Religion becomes an integral part of the society only through its functions. So, it is impossible to thoroughly understand a religion merely from

Minitab work Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Minitab work - Assignment Example Report your conclusion clearly. In an experiment to investigate the effect of fertiliser on mean yield of an arable crop, 20 different plots were used. Fertiliser A was applied to 10 randomly plot and B was applied to the remaining plots .After a specified time, the yield (in coded units) for each plot was measured giving the following data i)Perform an F test to see whether assumption of equal variances in the two fertiliser yield group is reasonable .To three decimal places, what is the p value from this F test? is it reasonable to assume that the two fertiliser yields have equal variance ii)Assuming that the F test suggest that we can pool the variances ,perform a hypothesis test to test whether there is significant difference in fertiliser mean yields (using a two sample t test with pooled variance). What is the value of the t-statistic? What is the value of the pooled variance used in this test ?To three decimal places, what is the p value from the test? Is there evidence to reject the null hypothesis of no difference in means at 5% significance level? iii)Suppose that instead of the data arising from 20 different plots, there were in fact only 10 plots ,each of which was divided into 2 subplots. For each plot, Fertliser A was applied to randomly selected subplot and fertiliser B was applied to other subplot. Perform an appropriate hypothesis test to see whether there is evidence that the average difference between the yield from Fertiliser A and B is not zero .To three decimal places, what is the p value from the test? Is there evidence to reject the null hypothesis that the average of the differences is zero, t the 5%signifcance level? Condition ‘x’ is a medical condition from which 70% of people recover within 7 days if left untreated. The health service would like to increase this proportion by treating sufferers .An experiment was, therefore, conducted to test a new drug

Assignment proposal 4 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Proposal 4 - Assignment Example Questionnaires are one of the data collection methods that I will use in this research. In my questionnaires, I will include both closed-ended and open-ended questions. Closed-ended questions will capture non-negotiable information such as the name of the organization and the department from which my respondents will be coming from. Individual opinions about what different aspects of privatization will be captured using open-ended questions. Since questionnaires are effective in market research, they will help answer my research question because it has to do with the private sector (Roland 2008, 34). Interviews are the other data method that will be employed in my dissertation research. Interviews will be essential in probing respondents on the basis of their personal beliefs and opinions about privatization. These interviews will be done through face-to-face encounters with respondents or through telephone calls for respondents who will not be accessible through face-to-face meeting. One thing that makes interviews sufficient in answering my research question is that they will allow follow up questions on the answers that respondents will give hence providing a better understanding of the topic (IMF 2010, 71). The demographics that may be of significance to this research include age, level of education and the position in which every respondent serves in Zain Company. Age demographics will provide insight into the varying perceptions of privatization by different generations including baby boomers (born between 1940s and 1960s) and the millennial (born between 1970s and 2000). Gender will be captured but may not have a determining impact on the findings on the topic under study. All participants that are employees of Zain Company will be eligible for inclusion in this study. Government employees in the Department of Statistics will be included as key participants in this research (Megginson 2005, 27). In analyzing my data, I

TR places Essay Example for Free

TR places Essay (1)Future opportunities: aircraft digital realm -growing number of airlines. how to cooperate with all the airlines? -From 2006, it was estimated that air traveler will grow 6.2% per year in the next 20 years. -Wi-Fi installation (ubiquitous connectivity)+BYOD (97% of passengers) (2)In-flight shoppers characteristics: -their main value: brand product with great deal -same as non-in-flight passenger, they pursue convenience (i.e. reduce shopping time, saving physical effort, saving of aggravation) and variety-seeking.not that important when thinking about marketing strategy. -with short communication how to present completely information about product? 82% passengers tend to read duty-free magazines in flight; 37% for filling in time and 25% want to see whats available, searching for some exclusive product. Some airline add more crew to sale in flight, for example, Cathay Pacific estimates the sales of duty-free in-flight increases 20% every year. -older earn more money people are the main purchaser,  though there are more younger passengers take air travel. -they are brand conscious, price conscious (40% passengers buy things in-flight for duty-free reason, and 22% think they can get cheaper price in-flight than domestic shops.), and les risk perceptive. However, since there are often well-known band product sold in flight, they tend to worry less about the quality of product. Regarding prices, 46% passengers spend no more than euro 50 dollars, and 39% spend between euro 51 to 100 dollars.how to do pricing? -has positive attitude toward advertising. alcohol and cosmetics remain the dominant items of sales, 63% buy duty-free for their families and themselves.people you care; treat yourself reason. -most of passengers seem time on the plane is their leisure time. (3)Reasons for why they purchase: Passengers types: Arrivals, Transfers, Locals (will show in different area) Flow-management should be concerned when do marketing planning. passengers care about relaxing and low load atmosphere (light, layout, design of the travel retails, promotion, customer services), they go to airport to travelling reason but not purchasing. 52% think atmosphere is important, and 38% admit that they are affected by the amount of people in the shops. now 33.5% think waiting areas are too crowded, but still 27% think relaxing. (different airport ) Areas: pre-boarding areas, walkthroughs -more crowded, less buying; cleaner and more open, more buying. Customers dwelling time is a significant issue. how to activate the impulse purchasing? Atmosphere traveling feeling (Ads, commercials, layouts) + people density (FB, spa) + exclusive or customized product (gift) + services (make-up) + special promotion (festival) + enough information (IT)premise is they have time, if not, try to activate them do purchasing in flight Constraint: the availability of material concerning the duty-free market.hoe to build Internet platform? Idea: LANCOME, your journey companion. treat yourself and who you care about; choose one kind of fragrance to memorize the journey. change the ads. new customers developmen, business men who cant travel with their love this time, as a promising symbol I think about you during travel, and hopefully we can go out together next time . LANCOME, as a symbol for love- love yourself and people you care and passion-passion for travel (red rose) Dubai duty-free: No.1 revenue in the world; for 28yrs existence; the largest airport retail operation in the world. special promotions (ex. lottery for luxury car). Chinese traveler: Kwan_Siu Lan.pdf DOWNTOWN DUTY-Free SHOP Duty-free shops (or stores) are retail outlets that are exempt from the payment of certain local or national taxes and duties, on the requirement that the goods sold will be sold to travelers who will take them out of the country. Which products can be sold duty-free vary by jurisdiction, as well as how they can be sold, and the process of calculating the duty or refund the duty component. However, some countries impose duty on goods brought into the country, though they had been bought duty-free in another country, or when the value or quantity of such goods exceed an allowed limit. Duty-free shops are often found in the international zone of international airports, sea ports, and train stations but goods can be also bought duty-free on board airplanes and passenger ships. They are not as commonly available for road or train travelers, although several border crossings between the United States and  both Canada and Mexico have duty-free shops for car travelers. In some countries, any shop can participate in a reimbursement system, such as Global Blue where a sum equivalent to the tax is paid, but then the goods are presented to the customs and the sum reimbursed on exit. These outlets were abolished for intra-EU travellers in 1999, but are retained for travelers whose final destination is outside the EU. They also sell to intra-EU travelers but with appropriate taxes. Some special member state territories such as Ã…land,Livigno and the Canary Islands, are within the EU but outside the EU tax union, and thus still continue duty-free sales for all travelers. Tax Free World Association (TFWA) announced that in 2011 Asia-Pacific, with 35 percent of global duty-free and travel retail sales, beat Europe and Americas, with these regions accounting for 34 percent and 23 percent respectively. 31 percent of sales came from the fragrances and cosmetics category, followed by the wine and spirit category with 17 percent and then comes tobacco products.[1] Duty-free shopping away from ports Some duty-free shops operate in central business districts away from airports or other ports. In Japan, for example, any visitor whose passport indicates that they have been in the country for less than six months can buy duty-free items. Duty-free shops are also a mainstay in the Akihabara electronic shopping district of Tokyo. In Thailand, the King Power chain has shops where duty-free items are pre-purchased and delivered separately to the airport to be picked up on departure. For certain other purchases, a VAT refund may be claimed at the airport upon departure.[8] In the Philippines, there is one shopping mall called the Duty Free Philippines Fiestamall, which is located a few miles away from Ninoy Aquino Airport as opposed to being at the airport itself. It is the only shopping mall of its kind in the world. The goods that are sold in this mall are often imported products which come from around the world (mainly from USA, Asia andAustralasia) and are not found in any other shop ping malls in the country, aside from duty-free malls. Tourists, visitors and returning citizens of Philippines often pay a visit to this mall shortly after their arrival (since only arriving passengers and their companions are allowed access).[9] In order to gain entry, a passport is needed to be presented and  registered at the Customer Registration Counter at the entrance of the mall. The customer will then be issued a shopping card; these shopping cards must be presented to the cashier for validation of purchases. Arriving customers are given a certain tax-free allowance on purchases and anything in excess will be subject to local and national taxes. In the past, the mall used to only accept US dollars and Philippine peso but in recent years, it had begun accepting other currencies such as Japanese yen, Brunei dollar,Australian dollar, British pound, Canadian dollar, Swiss franc, Saudi riyal, Bahraini dinar, and Thai baht. Currency exchange booths are also available inside the mall if a customer wishes to exchange currencies into Philippine pesos or US dollars. Credits cards can also be used for purchasing goods.[10] In Australia, duty-free shops have all but disappeared after the introduction of the GST in 2000. Currently, duty-free shops are nearly all located within international airports. Residents and tourists are now allowed to purchase virtually any physical good within 60 days of departure,[11] which needs to be taken on the outward flight, and claim the GST component back through the Tourist Refund Scheme when passing through customs. Consumers are now free to fully use their items prior to departure. This is in contrast prior to 2000, where all purchases had to be packed by the duty-free store in a sealed clear plastic bag, and could only be broken open by customs staff just prior to departure. [12] Duty-free outside the airports in the EU Any traveller living in a country outside the EU VAT area is entitled to shop tax-free at participating shops in the EU. The traveller pays the VAT on goods in the shop in the usual way, and can request a refund when exporting the goods. To qualify, the traveller must: have residency in a non-EU country have a maximum stay of six months within the EU make purchases no more than three months prior to export obtain a form from the shop where he or she makes the purchase present the form, and in certain cases the goods, to a customs officer when leaving the EU, where they will be stamped Only goods meant for personal use are eligible for the refund. The stamped forms and receipts can then be sent back to the retailers, or their agents, for a refund. In most cases, a minimum purchase applies to use the tax-free shopping scheme. The actual  amount of VAT reclaimable depends on the VAT rate applicable in the particular country to the goods purchased, and may be subject to a deduction for administration fees. Security considerations Travelers on long-haul routes with at least one transit stop between their departure airport and destination airport should be careful to purchase their duty-free alcohol or perfume at the last transit port, as otherwise they may have it confiscated by security when they board at the transit port, as they will be exceeding the current limit on liquids in hand baggage. This does not apply to passengers transferring within the EU, Singapore and Croatia on the same day, as long as the liquid item is sealed in a plastic bag with the receipt showing in the bag. Arrivals duty-free shops are now becoming more common. Most of South and Central America, and the Caribbean have such shops, as does SE Asia and Oceania. Switzerland and Canada are looking to introduce them in 2010, this method of retail removes any security problems for the transit of liquids as they are not carried on aircraft.[13] Several airlines do not allow sales of certain sharp objects in-flight due to security risk. Other objects that have sharp parts, such as model airplanes, may be bought in-flight but received at the passengers home address for the same reason. Inbound duty-free Some countries, including Australia, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, China, Iceland, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Malaysia, New Zealand, Norway, Panama, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Switzerland, and Taiwan have inwards duty-free facilities, where arriving passengers can purchase duty-free items immediately before going through customs. This not only saves the inconvenience of having to carry these items around the world but also solves the security problem mentioned above. Other countries such asCanada and Sweden have been considering duty-free on arrival. The European Union does not permit arrivals duty-free stores; some EU airports sell goods on arrival in the baggage claim area described as Tax-Free, but these goods are all tax-paid sales, the local sales tax is discounted. Normally, discounted liquors or tobacco products cannot be bought when arriving into an EU Member State as there is often a high local Excise Duty on these goods as well as the local sales tax (VAT/IVA/TVA) which is included in the price.  In some EU Territories the tax on tobaccos and liquors is lower than in other EU countries, which is why the prices still seem competitive and look like duty-free prices. A good example is the difference in tobacco prices between the UK and Ireland, compared to Spain or Portugal. Legal basis It is a common feature of most tax systems that taxes are not raised on goods to be exported. To do so would place the goods at a disadvantage to those from other countries. Either the tax system allows the goods to be exported without taxes (stored prior to export in a bonded warehouse), or taxes can be claimed back when they are exported (see VAT). Such exemption also applies to goods supplied for use on ships and aircraft, because they are consumed outside the country. Businesses supplying such goods can do so tax- and duty-free. Goods sold to passengers on board ships or aircraft are tax free. The passenger can either consume them on board, or import them tax-free into the country they are traveling to, so long as they are within the travelers duty-free allowance. Most tax regimes also allow travelers entering a country to bring in a certain amount of goods for personal use without paying tax on them, the so-called duty-free allowance; because it is not economically justifiable t o collect the small amounts of tax involved, and would be an inconvenience to the passengers. A duty-free shop works under the same system. The goods must be exported intact (they cannot be consumed in the airport), and they are importing into the destination country under that countrys own tax rules. In some countries, in order to ensure that goods are exported intact, they are hand-delivered in a closed bag to the passenger at the gate after his ticket is scanned. In the United States, duty-free shops are technically considered class 9 Bonded Warehouses with regard to the U.S. Customs Border Protection: Class 9. Bonded warehouse, known as duty-free stores, used for selling, for use outside the Customs territory, conditionally duty-free merchandise owned or sold by the proprietor and delivered from the Class 9 warehouse to an airport or other exit point for exportation by, or on behalf of, individuals departing from the Customs territory for destinations other than foreign trade zones. Pursuant to 19 U.S.C. 1555(b)(8)(C), Customs territory, for purposes of duty-free stores, means the Customs territory of the U.S. as defined in 101.1(e) of this chapter, and foreign trade zones (see part 146 of this  chapter). All distribution warehouses used exclusively to provide individual duty-free sales locations and storage cribs with conditionally duty-free merchandise are also Class 9 warehouses. Moreover, in the U.S. some duty-free stores will sell their goods to domestic passengers with appropriate taxes included. Alcohol and tobacco products are restricted to international passengers only and subject to the age limitations of 21 and 18 respectively, even though the age one must be to import those items into other countries may be lower.

Music Censorship Essay example -- essays research papers fc

After killing you loudly with rhymes, beats, and rhythms, the music industry as a whole has gone through many trials and tribulations. Society has shifted in such a manner that allows and encourages freethinking and abstract arts and with those great things we face the problem of censorship. From an artist’s perspective it’s their â€Å"work,† but from another’s point of view that same piece of â€Å"work† can be garbage to another. Now in the 21st century we face an artistic crossroads. We are left with the question how far can an artist go? In addition, when we do go too far, do we censor? Censors are now disguised as retailers and distributors, special-interest groups, and less influential but passionate religious groups, and government authorities. Ultimately, when all is said, there remains one question and that question is does censorship conflict with the first amendment? The First Amendment states, â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.† (Beahm, 1993, p. 79) The court, in FCC v. Pacifica, said that although the First Amendment protects indecent speech, the commission could regulate the airwaves with only a few exceptions. In Pacifica, the court ruled in the FCC's favor, allowing it to curb utterances of the famous seven words that cannot be said on the air. The Pacifica case has remained substantially unchanged, despite a few lower court challenges and the Supreme Court's decision in Reno v. ACLU striking down an indecency standard for the Internet but not for on-air broadcasts. The current ban on indecent broadcasts applies strictly to those between 6 a.m. and 10 p.m., when children are most likely to be li stening to the radio or watching television. Many would say that buying a CD or an adult film is much different than having a medium that is easily accessible such as radio, but others would counter that censoring lyrics abridges freedom of speech and that if someone is offended by the music on a station, that they should change the station. The owner of a Florida record store was convicted of obscenity charges for selling a recording by the rap group 2 Live Crew that had been declared obscene by a Federal judge. â€Å"As Nasty ... ...can government wants Americans to be sparred from obscenities in movies, TV, CD’s, and milder obscenities on the censored radios, they should alter the wording of the 1st Amendment to allow for blocking of obscenities when the government deems necessary. As the 1st Amendment states now, â€Å"Congress shall make no law†¦ abridging the freedom of speech.† That means no law can be passed that abridges of the freedom of speech and freedom of speech entails that Americans can say as they please. Anything calling for someone not to be able to say as they please abridges the principle of the 1st Amendment. Bibliography Beahm, George. War of Words: The Censorship Debate. Kansas City: Andrews and McMeel, 1993. Carter, T. Barton. Mass Communication Law In a Nutshell. St. Paul, Minnesota: West Group, 2000. Creech, Kenneth. Electronic Media Law and Regulation. Boston: Focal Press 2000. Daily, Jay E. The Anatomy of Censorship. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1973. Menconi, Al. Today’s Music: A Window To Your Child’s Soul. Elgin, Illinois: David C. Cook Publishing Co. 1990 Perkins, Erin. Droppin’ Science: Critcial Essays on Rap Music and Hip Hop Culture. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. 1996

Picasso’s Guernica and Tetler’s Reflection Essay

These are both massive pieces of art, ‘Guernica’ being 138 inches by 308 inches and ‘Reflections’ makes up panels 29 and 30 of the Vietnam wall. But their message is massive too  In some ways ‘Guernica’ is the more horrific with its stark black, grey   and white portrayal of nightmarish horrors, so much so, that when an international conference was held in the Prado the participants asked for it to be covered during their stay. It was painted in response to the bombing of the Basque town of Guernica in 1937 when German planes were in the service of General Franco during the Spanish Civil War. Usually referred to as an abstract painting, but figures are depicted   – a dying horse, a desperate woman in a burning house, a soldier with a broken sword, , and the wailing woman on the left holding her dead child and of course the Minataur, a mythical monster. The result must produce horror in all who behold it. Revulsion at what can occur   – at what man can do to man. It is an instantly uncomfortable and according to art author Jesse McDonald ‘a devastating attack on the cruelty and folly of man.’ (McDonald, front flap ‘Pablo Picasso’.) Lee Teter’s work, a memorial to a different war , that of Vietnam, is much more realistic, even though the majority of the figures in the picture are meant to be dead soldiers. It is not at first as uncomfortable as ‘Guernica’, but the longer one looks at it the more one realises there is very little difference. The figure standing in front of the wall was originally dressed in fatigues, but is now depicted as a business man – this was felt to be a truer reflection of life for many veterans. This man has lost comrades in what many felt to be a pointless war that America should not have been involved in. More than that though   – he has survived and carries in himself   the guilt that that involves. The dead are depicted as shadowy figures, one of them is a portrait of Micki Banks who actually lost his life in Vietnam. Picasso’s picture is like an instant snap shot, but Teter’s looks at the long term results, so surprisingly I find the Picasso easier to deal with, because in life people tend to get over problems, but Teter makes me realise that there are some things we cannot and should not forget.

Deoderent Market in India Essay

Abstract Topic:- Monopoly or monopolistic competition in Deodorant brands? After seeing so many outrageous deodorant advertisements on television we were wondering whether it affects the consumer behavior and we also wanted to find out whether Axe has a monopoly over this market or not. The aim of this assignment is to compare the parent companies of five deodorant brands with the help of ratio analysis. We are going to consider the time period 2007-12. Primary data was collected through a survey which will help us determine what thinking goes behind purchasing a deo between college students and the office going crowd. To conduct the ratio analysis we used secondary data by obtaining the balance sheets of the various companies. The market share and revenues of five major brands- Axe, Adidas, Nivea, Wildstone and Park Avenue will be analyzed. Introduction Monopolistic Competition Monopolistic competition is a type of imperfect competition such that many producers sell products that are differentiated from one another as goods but not perfect substitutes (such as from branding, quality, or location). In monopolistic competition, a firm takes the prices charged by its rivals as given and ignores the impact of its own prices on the prices of other firms.[1] In a monopolistically competitive market, firms can behave like monopolies in the short run, including by using market power to generate profit. In the long run, however, other firms enter the market and the benefits of differentiation decrease with competition. There are six characteristics of monopolistic competition (MC): * Product differentiation * Many firms * Free entry and exit in the long run * Independent decision making * Market Power * Buyers and Sellers do not have perfect information (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopolistic_competition) Economic Background The deodorant market in India is estimated at Rs 900 crore. Men’s deodorants dominate the category with a 70 per cent share estimated at Rs 650 crore. The segment is expected to grow 25 per cent annually to become three times its current size in the next five years. The overall deodorant market has grown by about 40 per cent a year in the past five years driven by introduction of new brands and aggressive media promotions. The market will continue to grow at 20-25 per cent thanks to low penetration and availability at low price points. Deodorant sales are seasonal — maximum sales happen in the summer months (April to September). About 90 per cent of the market is concentrated in the mass segment (with deodorants priced between Rs 125 and Rs 175 for a 150 ml pack). With new players entering the category at popular price points, the mass segment, with brands like Axe, Adidas, Nike and Reebok, will continue to grow faster and command higher share in the deodorant market. The size of the premium and above segments, which have brands like Burberry, The Body Shop, Kenzo and Ralph Lauren, will double by value in the next five years. (http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/kit-the-men%5Cs-deodorant-market-in-india/443714) Method We will be using the financial tools of various ratios to determine which company has been more successful in this market. Survey The survey was conducted on 200 males in the college and office going crowd the results were as follows. 1. Which Deodorant do you use? Analysis As we can see from the above graph that Axe has a majority amongst the people surveyed while the others are below 10%. This gives us a picture of the domination of Axe in this market and same is the case when market share all over India is observed. 2. Reason for buying the particular brand. From the above graph we find that the decision of people in the age group of 15-25 behind buying a particular deodorant is not its fragrance but its price followed by easy availability and advertising. This shows us that main factor which affects a consumer’s decision, in this age group is the price of the product followed by other factors regarding quality, availability etc. This was the result obtained from the office crowd which gave an entirely different reason. The consumers decision in this age group is affected by the brand as people become brand conscious and are more bothered about which brand they use rather than its use. After the brand value the price affects their decisions. Hence from both these results we see that consumer behaviour varies on the different age groups and changes as a consumer grows older. Findings: Name: Mahikaansh Reddy Brand: AXE (Hindustan Unilever) AXE was launched in France in 1983 by Unilever. It was inspired by another of Unilever’s brands, Impulse. Unilever were keen to capitalize on AXE’s French success and the rest of Europe from 1985 onwards, later introducing the other products in the range. Unilever were unable to use the name AXE in the United Kingdom and Ireland due to trademark problems so it was launched as Lynx. The European launch of the deodorant was followed by success in Latin America and moderate impact in Asia and Africa. In the new millennium, the brand has launched with great success in the United States and Canada. The company has also consolidated its deodorant portfolio by migrating other overlapping male deodorants into the Lynx brand such as South Africa’s Ego brand. In January 2012, Unilever launched its first Lynx product for women in the United Kingdom as part of a global expansion of the previously men’s-only brand. The AXE deodorant was popular in India in the Grey market (duty paid shops). Impressed by the volume of AXE sold there, AXE deodorant was launched in India in 1999. The brand launch was very quiet and had the strategy of ‘High Price, Low Promotion’. At that time, the deodorant market was a nascent one with an estimated market size of Rs 72 crore. HLL, at that time, had the brands Denim and Rexona and was ruling the market. AXE was priced at a premium. In just three years flat, AXE had a market share of over 35% and HLL started phasing out Denim to concentrate more on AXE. It is known for its very controversial advertisements which actually helped in its publicity and led to a faster growth in the industry. Its target group was mainly men between the age group of 18-24 as they were seen as the easiest to convince with such advertisements. Not only does the brand use TV commercials to its advantage, but it also uses its print ads effectively. Besides print, the brand also uses outdoors for maximum impact. Hence, Axe is a classic example of the 360 degree branding effort. Therefore Axe is a perfect example of how important advertising is for a brand and how it can lead to higher revenues. Marketing Mix 1. Product: 2. Place: Available at all malls across India. Every deodorant selling shop will 99% be selling Axe. All other variants of Axe brand could be purchased from established retailers viz. BIG BAZAAR (PANTALOONS RETAIL INDIA LIMITED). 1. Promotion: Concentrates on single- segment male youth and targets young at heart. The competitive advantage of this brand is its complete monopoly over this proposition. The â€Å"Axe Effect† is one of the most famous claim in the world. This so called effect is supposed to draw women in hordes to any male who has sprayed himself liberally with the Axe deodorant. The advertisements are very slick and usually display a normal male but with oodles of self-assurance as an Axe user. The females get irresistibly drawn to this male implying that Axe acts like a nasal aphrodisiac. 2. The Axe brand of deodorants is from Unilever and is primarily targeted at 15 to 25 year old males. The brand portrays normal yet cool, trendy and confident, a positioning that is aspirational to the target segment. At a more subtle level, the Axe Effect also acts on the confidence levels of the user. The very act of being associated with the brand serves to boost the ego. The success of AXE attracted lots of new brands which were trying to follow the same marketing strategy as AXE. The one notable difference though is that all these newbies use hunks as opposed to the regular guys which are a stable for the Axe advertisements. This strategy has proven very effective for the brand. It comes across as approachable and it acts like a confidante and friend to its users. They are currently distributed in more than 40 countries. Unilever started out allotting roughly 60 percent of its advertising budget to television, but it has since winnowed that down to about 30 percent, pouring more money into offbeat alternatives. Competitive analysis: Axe faces competition from new entrants such as Wildstone, Adidas, Park Avenue etc. However among all these brands AXE has a dominating share in the market because of the brand equity and brand loyalty that it has built and is leveraging the same. AXE has a wide acceptance among the youth which forms the major chunk of perfume & deodorant users. Vis-à  -vis all these the AXE deodorant never forgets to promote any of its new product. AXE time and again, on launch of the new product goes for PR as well as wide advertising campaigns. 3. Target group- 18 to 24 What next? As such, I believe that AXE has the potential to spread its reach and increase its market share by expanding into the 35-50 year old demographic. In doing so, AXE will need to associate and disassociate itself with a more mature brand image and its inexpensive nature respectively, thereby attracting the average male aged 35-50 years. Hence it needs to re-focus the marketing mix towards 35-50 year old demographic, whilst retaining its keystone market, the 16-25 year olds. Conclusion Axe has a very large share in this market and has hardly got a foot wrong. It just needs to follow its tried and tested market strategies and build upon it, by doing that it can thwart the competition and maintain its kind of monopoly in the market. The only thing that could be suggested is to increase its target group so that it could expand more in the market and serve a larger base leading to higher revenues. Hence Axe just needs to follow what it was doing from before and be wary of the new competition in this segment with the help of excessive advertising and PR.